Condenser for ice-making and refrigerating machines.



T. SHIPLEY.

CONDENSER FOR ICE MAKING AND REFRIGBRATING MACHINES.

APPLIOATION FILED 001301912. 1,079,609. Patented Nov. 25, 1913.

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APPLICATION FILED OOT;30,'1912.

Patented Nov. 25, 1913.

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CONDENSER FOR ICE-MAKING .AND REFRIGERATING-MACHINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 25, 1913.

Application filed October 30, 1912. Serial No. 728,577.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS SHIPLEY, of York, in the county of York and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Condensers for Ice- Making and Refrigerating Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My inventionrelates to condensers, and more particularly ammonia condensers, for use in refrigerating and ice making plants, and it consists in certain improvements designed to enhance the efficiency of the condenser, and to. obtain effective condensing action with much less cooling surface than is employed in existing types of condensers of this class. p

The improvements will first be described in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, and will then be more particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section of so much of a coil condenser as needed to illustrate my invention as applied to this form of condenser. F ig. 2 is a similar view of a modification. Fig. 3'is a vertical axial section of a shell condenser embodying my invention.

Referring now to Fig. 1, the body of the condensing coil, like that of the usual standard condenser, is formed of a pipe which errtends continuously without a break in hOIlzontal stretches or lengths AA the return bends a of this pipe being suitably 'connected'to the straight stretches 0r lengths in this instance ten in number) of the plpe. The cooling water used enters the overhead distributing trough a: and through suitable perforations in the-bottom of the same is showered down upon the coil below as customary in this style of condenser.

The bottom stretch A is connected directly with the top stretch A by a stand pipe or riser C which forms The coil is thus composed in effect of an endless pipe through which the contents ofv the coil can travel in a closed cycle.

The ammonia gas from the compressor 1sled to the condenser through the pipe 6, and enters the condensing coil at the bottom. Before entering the coil at this point I prefer to subject it to a preliminary cooling, and to this end the pipe-b opens into a pre-; liminary section composed of-a pipe coil B; of two lengths-or stretches connected at one; end by a return bend b, the upper length! 'to use it as an adjunct of the pant of the coil'.

of B being connected with a short length of pipe 0 (here shown in the form of a nozzle) which enters the stand pipe C at or near the bottom of the same and extends up therein so that its discharge end will be somelittle distance above the point where the stand pipe joins the bottom'length A 'of the coil, the nozzle being of sufliciently less diameter than the pipe to leave between the two an annular space somewhat similar to the annular space around thelifting steam nozzle of an injector. Through this annular space the ammonia liquid can pass from the bottom length of the condenser coil into the stand pipe, in which pipe the liquid, when the condenser is at rest, will stand at the same level with the liquid in the body of the condenser. The ammonia gas entering the stand pipe C through the injector nozzle 0 is forced into. the body of liquid contained in said pipe.

The valve controlled outlet for the condensed and cooled liquid is indicated at D as located on the second length A above the bottom length A of the coil. It may be located at-any desired point on the coil, but in order to take ofi the liquid where it is coldest, I prefer to place said outlet as near the bottom as consistent with maintaining a sufiicient height of liquid column in the stand pipe.

The coil B, to which I lay no claim, serves, as in other condensers heretoforein use, to take out the sensible heat of the ammonia gas before it enters the condensing coil Where the principal work of condensation is done. It is not a necessity, however, and may, be dispensed with, in which event the pipe I; from the compressor would be connected directly to the inlet nozzle 0. I prefer coil, inasmuch as it takes the sensible heat from the gas, thereby doing work which would otherwise have to be done in the condenser proper.

E is a purge valve such as customarily used on ammonia condense Assuming the condensing coil to be sup plied with. liquid ammonia at the outset, to say the level of the outlet D, the operation is asv follows: The ammonia gas from the com pressor, after passing through the pro-cooler B, enters the stand pipe C through the nozz'le c from which it is injected into the column of ammonia liquid in the stand pipe, the result of thus bringing the gas into contact with the liquid being the condensation condenser.

' entering ammonia gas,

of the gas,

effected as soon asactual and complete consame up in the stand pipe until it asses surface required.

thereof as is the accumulation for the stand pipe, it is several degrees cooler the heat of which is taken up by denser, through which it passes down again the liquid, the work of condensation being to thebottom of the condenserto meet the entering gas, the circulation being in practically a closed cycle, with provision for taking off the liquid as it accumulates beyond the volume required for successful operation of the condenser, the liquid in the bottom of the condenser into'which the entering gas is forced being constantly renewed by a supply drawn from the coolestportion of the liquid contents of the condenser. This I believe to be new with me beyond its special structural embodiment here described and illustrated.

The same mode of operation and effect may be had in a shell condenser,,as will be understood by reference to Fig. 3. In this figure, the body of the condenser, as usual in condensers of this type, is composed of a vertical shell F, closed at each end by a tube head f of suitable known construction, filled with tubes 9 which extend the length of the shell, suitable water connections being provided as shown to maintain a circulation of cooling water through the tubes g, these tubes serving to cool the contents of the tank. The water circulation is indicated by the arrows. From the lower part of the shell, where the ammonia liquid is coolest, is taken out a riser or stand ipe G, which enters the top of, the shell a ove the level of the liquid therein, as shown. Into the lower part of this pipe, through a suitable fitting, enters the nozzle 0', through which the ammonia gas from forced into the body of ammonia liquid with which the stand pipe at that point is filled. The action of this nozzle 0' is precisely that materially in the work of condensation of the nozzle 0 in the condenser coil of Fig.

The gas injecting nozzle may be located 1. Communicating with the bottom and top at some other point-on the condenser than I of the condenser is another vertical pipe h, the stand pipe C. For example, in Fig. 2 on which are located the liquid ammonia the nozzle 0 is represented as-located in the outlet D, corresponding to the outlet D end of the bottom stretch A opposite to that of Fig. 1, and also, if preferred, the purge tact takes place. The continuing action of the entering jet upon the superincu'mbentcolumn of ammonia liquid in the stand pipe is to force the liquidbefore it and to lift the over into the top stretch A of the con enser coil whence in liquid form it passes down bv gravity in due course to-join the body of liquid contained in the lower part of. the p The work of condensation is practically complete before the top stretch of the condenser coil is reached, and that coil is used to 'cool an already condensed gas, instead of being used, as heretofore, first to condense the gas and afterward to cool the resultant product, thus enabling me ,to reduce verymaterially the area of cooling The circulation in the condenseris in practically a closed cycle, in the direction of the arrows, such portion of due to the condensation of the gas beingmtaken. off, as it gathers, through the outlet The liquid coming over from the stand pipe is eifectively cooled during its downward passage through the coil, and when it reaches the bot-' tom stretch A, whence is drawn the supply than the critical temperature due to thepressure within the coil-that critical temperature (the temperature at which the gas liquefies) varying directly,as is well known, with said pressure. The low temperature of this body of its own liquid into which the is. injected assists from which the stand pipe C leads, assing, valve E. The outlet could be connected for this-purpose through a specia return directly to the shell, but for convenience bend a connecting this end of the bottom sake it is located on the pipe h. The level stretch with the stretch A next above. The of the ammonia liquid in the condenser, and

ammonia liquid passes down from above throu h this-bend into the bottom stretch A, there eing an annular passage for this purpose between the nozzle and the interior of he condenser pipe. Like letters of reference the stand pipe C, when the condenser is inactive, is indicated at Z. The mode of operation of this apparatus is substantially the \same as that of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1. The ammonia gas is injected into in Figs. 1 and 2 indicate corresponding the superincumbent column" of its own parts. The operation of the condenser is the liquid contained in the stand pipe, and the same as that of the condenser in Fig. 1, save resultant passes up through the stand pipe that the work of co 'densation in thls case is into the top of the shell, where it meets t e done mainly, if not entirely, in the bottom cold water tubes g, and passes down to join stretch A before the stand pipe C is reached. the body of the liquid ammonia below th e liquid as it cools descending to the level where it passes back into the ipe C again, and the surplus liquid of condensation passing off through the outlet D.

I do not herein claim broadl the combination of a condenser, comprising a con- It will be noted that under this arrangement the ammonia as is discharged into the liquid contained in the bottom of the condenser, where the work of condensation chiefly takes place, and the resultant is conveyed from that point directly to the top of the condenser body and a return pipe connecting the ends of the same through which the contents of the condenser may circulate in a closed cycle, with a gas nozzle through which the gas to be condensed is injected under pressure directly into the body of liquid contained in the condenser whereby circulation of the contents of the condenser is set up in a direction to constantly'rene'w the body of liquid, at the injecting point with a supply drawn from that end of the condenser which contains the cooled liquid, and means for taking oil the liquid of condensation as it accumulates, inasmuch as the same is the subject of my application filed Febraury 28, 1913, Serial No. 751,252.

Having described my invention and the best way known to me of carrying the same into practical effect, I state in conclusion that I do not restrict myself to the struc-- tui'al details hereinbefoie set forth in illustration of my invention, since, manifestly, the same can be varied considerably without departure from the spirit of the inven tion: But

What I claim herein as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a condenser, and in combination, a pipe communicating with, and adapted to receive a constant supply of the liquid contained in, the lower portion of the condenser; a gas inlet or nozzle from which the gas to be condensed is injected under pressure into the body of liquid contained in said pipe and means for maintaining the which riser the product result level of the liquid above said inlet and a riser leading from said pipe to, and openin into, the top of the condenser, throu from c injection of the gas into the body of liquid contained in the pipe is conducted directly into the top of the condenser to pass down over the cooling surfaces therein to the body of liquid below, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

2. In a'conden'ser, and in combination, a pipe communicating with, and adapted to receive a constant sup ly of the condensed liquid contained in, t e lower portion of the condenser; a gas inlet or nozzlefrom which the gas to be condensed is in'ected under pressure into the body of liqui contained in said pipe; a riser leading from said pipe to, and opening into, the top of the condenser, through which riser the product resulting from the injection of the gas into the body of liquid contained in the pipe is conducted directly into the to of the condenser to pass down over the coo ling surface therein to the body of liquid below and an outlet for the liquid located at a higher level than the gas inlet, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

In testimon whereof I aflix my signature in presence 0 two witnesses.

THOMAS SHIPLEY. Witnesses:

T. A STEBBINS, J. B. RUBY. 

